Analysis of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data reveals that fertility motivations mediate the impact of internet use on fertility intentions. This mediating role operates in two directions. First, internet use diminishes family-oriented fertility motivations, including family legacy and economic utility motivation, suppressing fertility intentions. Second, internet use enhances individual-oriented fertility motivations, particularly emotion-driven motivation, promoting fertility intentions. Overall, the inhibiting role played by fertility motivation is more pronounced in the influence of internet use on fertility intentions. The mediating effect accounts for 11.251% of the total effect. Further, the impact of internet use on fertility motivation differs across cohorts, genders, urban-rural residences, and education levels. The impacts of different online behaviors on fertility motivation are also different. Exploring the mediating role of fertility motivation contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms through which internet use influences fertility intentions, offering novel insights for addressing low fertility rates in the internet era.

Based on CGSS2017 data, this paper examines the effects of surfing the internet on fertility intentions. The results show that surfing the internet will reduce individuals fertility intentions. The effects on the intended number of children are greater than that on whether to have children. There are two mechanisms for these effects. One is increasing anxiety about childbirth and thus changing the individuals attitudes towards giving birth. The other is raising personal consumption which squeezes the economic budget for childbearing and childrearing. The effects of internet use on fertility intentions vary across different purposes for getting online. Using the internet for study, work or social contact has no significant effects on individuals fertility intentions, while using the internet for shopping or entertainment significantly reduces fertility intentions. Other conventional media usage, such as newspapers, magazines, television, and mobile phone message has no significant influence. To prevent the negative impact of internet usage on fertility intentions, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of network information, reasonably guide online consumption, and help individuals to establish a positive attitude towards fertility and consumption.

Age at first marriage in China has been greatly delayed, but the proportion of population who stay lifetime single is still at a very low level, which is significantly different from the pattern of European marriage. The Chinese society attaches importance to the intergenerational obligation relationship in the family, and the social policies do their best to maintain the specific and exclusive gain from marriage, which strengthen the marriage value and help to maintain the universal marriage. However, in modern societies with intensive social mobility, people's values become more diverse. Conflict between consumerism culture and traditional concepts of marriage, family, and fertility affects people's choice of life style, which increases the risk of making non-marriage choices. In a period of economic slowdown and transformation, it is more difficult for individuals to find a suitable spouse in the marriage market, and thus more likely to choose not to marry. To analyze and predict the trend of marriage pattern in China, we must understand the process of individual marriage decision, especially the difference between universal marriage pattern and non-universal marriage pattern.

This paper explores the effects of population aging on service industry by an empirical analysis using data from 55 countries，1960－2009. Results show that the proportion of service industry increases with population aging，but the effects through consumption path become statistically significant only after the level of population aging surpasses a certain point．We call it“demand effect”．When population aging proceeds to a very high level，the demand effects disappear as employment growth in the service industry is constrained．The demand effects differ between developed and less developed countries because of their different stages of economic development and population aging，especially different status of service industry measured by its proportion of GDP，labor productivity and the degree of marketization．The nature of the demand effects depends on both the level of population aging and the proportion of consumption in GDP．Thus，it is important to accelerate the development of the service industry in China both for positive response to population aging and sustainable economic development．

The development of family policy in China has experienced a completely different path from that in the United States and European countries.Contrary to the process of defamilization with the welfare regimes in the developed countries,the social welfare in China should be directed to familization,which means reframing welfare regimes in comformity with the premise of family responsibilities to provide benefits and protection for citizens by strengthening family functioning.China′s family policy has a dual task: on the one hand,enhancing family′s capabilities of welfare production and organization to supplement the inadequacy of social welfare development,and on the other hand,adjusting the organization of social welfare from "individual mode" to "family mode".China′s developmental family policies should be formulated with emphasis on enhancing capability of family development,developing pro-employment policies and assistance policies for workers to sustain their families.